Kananan magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta sun kasance ginshiƙin masana'antar harhada magunguna koyaushe!
Kusan karni guda, ƙananan magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta sun kasance kashin bayan masana'antar harhada magunguna.
Suna da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci a samarwa, sufuri da adanawa, yarda da haƙuri, kewayon kewayon da ake buƙata, rigakafi, kuma suna ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jiyya na haƙuri.
Ci gaban fasaha na shekaru goma da suka gabata ya ba wa kamfanonin harhada magunguna damar ganowa da haɓaka ƙarin sabbin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta don magance kewayon alamomi daban-daban, kuma a nan gaba, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta za su ci gaba da kasancewa ginshiƙan magungunan jiyya na asibiti, suna wasa a muhimmiyar rawa wajen magance cututtuka da dama.
Menene ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta?
An ayyana ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a matsayin duk wani mahaɗaɗɗen ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta wanda aka gano, tsarawa, da haɓaka don shiga tsakani a cikin takamaiman tsarin ilimin halittar jiki a cikin kwayoyin halitta. Magungunan ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na yau da kullun sun haɗa da maganin rigakafi (kamar penicillin), maganin analgesics (kamar paracetamol), da kuma hormones na roba (irin su corticosteroids).
Kananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta sune nau'ikan magungunan da aka amince dasu har zuwa yau, tare da ikon shiga cikin sauri cikin membranes tantanin halitta da mu'amala daidai da takamaiman manufa a cikin sel.
Ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da halayen warkewa a cikin jikin ɗan adam ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Nau'o'i uku da aka fi sani sune:
Enzyme inhibitors: Ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna shiga cikin ci gaban cututtuka ta hanyar toshe ayyukan enzyme;
• Masu karɓar agonists / antagonists: Ƙananan ƙwayoyin suna hulɗa tare da sunadaran da ke kan jikin tantanin halitta don kunna ko toshe masu karɓa;
Ion channel modulators: Ƙananan magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya tsara buɗewa da rufe tashoshin ion don daidaita shigarwa da fitowar ions da kuma magance cututtuka irin su farfadiya.
Waɗannan hanyoyin aikin duk sun ƙunshi takamaiman yanki akan furotin, wanda shine aljihun ɗaure ko wurin aiki na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Ci gaban ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta yawanci yana dogara ne akan ka'idar ƙirar maɓalli na gargajiya, wanda ya dace da ƙirar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta dangane da sararin samaniya, hydrophobicity, da kaddarorin lantarki na aljihun ɗauri, ta yadda za a ɗaure manufa da tasiri yadda ya kamata.
Amfanin kananan kwayoyin kwayoyi
Tare da haɓakar samfuran magungunan da suka kunno kai kamar ƙwayoyin rigakafi, maganin ƙwayoyin cuta, da maganin tantanin halitta, an taɓa ɗaukar ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a matsayin tsufa, amma a zahiri, ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta har yanzu suna da rashin maye gurbinsu.
Idan aka kwatanta da kwayoyin halitta, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta har yanzu suna da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci a samarwa, sufuri, yarda da haƙuri, kewayon da ake buƙata, rashin rigakafi, da sauran fannoni.
Kananan kwayoyin suna da sifofi masu sauƙi, tare da nauyin kwayoyin gabaɗaya baya wuce 500 Daltons, kuma ana iya keɓance su don saduwa da takamaiman buƙatun warkewa;
Yawancin lokaci yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma da wuya yana buƙatar yanayin ajiya na musamman kamar sanya shi ƙarƙashin ƙananan yanayin zafi; Hali a cikin jiki yawanci ana iya tsinkaya da sauƙin gudanarwa.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya yin yawo cikin sauƙi da motsawa a cikin kwayoyin halitta, suna canjawa daga hanji ta hanyar jini zuwa wurin aiki, shiga cikin kwayar halitta don isa ga maƙasudin ciki, kuma suna da wadataccen aiki mai yawa, yana sa su zama makawa a fannoni daban-daban na likita kamar su. oncology, lafiyar zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, cututtuka masu yaduwa, lafiyar hankali, da cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki.
Ƙananan kwayoyin halitta sun kasance, su ne, kuma za su ci gaba da kasancewa ginshiƙan magungunan warkewa na asibiti a baya, yanzu, da kuma gaba.
A cikin shekaru 15 zuwa 20 da suka gabata, babban adadin ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta sun yarda da FDA kuma sun sami tasiri mai zurfi akan kulawa da haƙuri, ciki har da Cymbalta don magance damuwa da damuwa, Viagra don magance rashin barci, Tagrisso don ƙaddamar da NSCLC, da Eliquis don fibrillation atrial da anticoagulation.
A haƙiƙa, adadin sabbin ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da FDA ta amince da su ya karu da sama da 50% a bara, tare da sabbin ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta guda 34 da aka amince da su a cikin 2023 kuma 21 kawai a cikin 2022. Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta suma sun kai kashi 62% na jimlar FDA ta amince da sabbin magunguna a cikin 2023, yana nuna cewa ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta har yanzu suna da mahimmanci ga ci gaban kiwon lafiya.
A cikin jerin manyan tallace-tallace 100 na miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin 2021, akwai jimillar ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta guda 45, wanda ke lissafin kashi 36% na jimlar kuɗin tallace-tallace; Akwai ƙananan magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta guda 11 waɗanda suka shiga cikin jerin TOP100, tare da jimlar kuɗin tallace-tallace na dalar Amurka biliyan 51.901. Mafi girman kudaden tallace-tallace shine dalar Amurka biliyan 12.891 na lenalidomide; A cikin 2022, jimillar tallace-tallace na ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin Top 10 kadai ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 96.6, tare da Paxlovid ya sayar da har zuwa dalar Amurka biliyan 18.9 a duniya, wanda ke nuna cikakkiyar damar kasuwa na ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta.
