ʻO nā lāʻau lāʻau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ka pou o ka ʻoihana lāʻau!
No kahi kokoke i hoʻokahi haneli, ʻo nā lāʻau mole liʻiliʻi ka iwi kuamoʻo o ka ʻoihana lāʻau.
Loaʻa iā lākou nā pōmaikaʻi nui i ka hana ʻana, ka lawe ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana, ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka maʻi, ka pae i loaʻa, immunogenicity, a hoʻomau i ka hana koʻikoʻi i ka mālama maʻi.
ʻO ka holomua ʻenehana o nā makahiki i hala aku nei ua hiki i nā hui lāʻau lapaʻau ke ʻike a hoʻomohala i nā lāʻau lapaʻau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi hou aʻe no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano hōʻailona like ʻole, a i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻomau ʻia nā molekala liʻiliʻi i kumu nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau lapaʻau, e pāʻani ana i kahi. kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano maʻi.
He aha ka lāʻau mole liʻiliʻi?
Ua wehewehe ʻia nā lāʻau lāʻau liʻiliʻi e like me nā mea hoʻohuihui haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ʻike ʻia, hoʻolālā ʻia a hoʻomohala ʻia e komo i nā kaʻina physiological kikoʻī i loko o ke kino. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā lāʻau antibiotic (e like me ka penicillin), analgesics (e like me ka paracetamol), a me nā hormones synthetic (e like me corticosteroids).
ʻO nā lāʻau lāʻau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau i ʻae ʻia a hiki i kēia lā, me ka hiki ke komo koke i nā membrane cell a launa pū me nā pahuhopu kikoʻī i loko o nā cell.
Hiki i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ke hoʻoulu i nā hopena therapeutic i ke kino o ke kanaka ma nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau ʻekolu:
Nā mea hoʻopaneʻe Enzyme: Hoʻopili nā molekala liʻiliʻi i ka holomua o ka maʻi ma o ke kāohi ʻana i ka hana enzyme;
• Nā agonists / antagonists: Hoʻopili nā molekele liʻiliʻi me nā protein i loaʻa ma ka ʻili o ke kelepona no ka hoʻāla ʻana a i ʻole ke kāohi ʻana i nā mea loaʻa;
Ion channel modulators: Hiki i nā lāʻau mole liʻiliʻi ke hoʻoponopono i ka wehe ʻana a me ka pani ʻana o nā ala ion e hoʻoponopono i ke komo ʻana a me ka puka ʻana o nā ion a mālama i nā maʻi e like me ka epilepsy.
Hoʻopili kēia mau hana i kahi ʻāpana kikoʻī ma ka protein, ʻo ia ka ʻeke paʻa a i ʻole ka wahi hana o nā molekole liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā molekole liʻiliʻi ma luna o ke kumu hoʻohālike kī kī maʻamau, e hoʻololi i ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā moleke liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka lewa, hydrophobicity, a me nā waiwai uila o ka ʻeke hoʻopaʻa, i mea e hoʻopaʻa pono ai i ka pahu hopu a pili i kāna hana.
ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi o nā lāʻau mole liʻiliʻi
Me ka piʻi ʻana o nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau e kū mai ana e like me nā antibodies, gene therapy, a me ka cell therapy, ua manaʻo ʻia nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ka wā kahiko, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā lāʻau mole liʻiliʻi.
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea olaola, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā molekala liʻiliʻi i ka hana ʻana, ka lawe ʻana, ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka maʻi, ka pae i loaʻa, immunogenicity, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā molekala liʻiliʻi he mau hale maʻalahi, me ke kaumaha molekala ma ke ʻano maʻamau ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 500 Daltons, a hiki ke hana maʻamau no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pono therapeutic kūikawā;
ʻO ka maʻamau ka paʻa loa a ʻaʻole i koi ʻia nā kūlana mālama kūikawā e like me ka waiho ʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa; Hiki ke wānana a maʻalahi ka hana ʻana i ke kino.
Eia kekahi, hiki i nā molekala liʻiliʻi ke hele maʻalahi a neʻe i loko o ke kino, hoʻololi mai ka ʻōpū ma o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko i ke kahua o ka hana, komo i loko o ka membrane cell e hiki ai i nā pahuhopu intracellular, a loaʻa i ka multifunctionality waiwai, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea nui i nā ʻano lapaʻau like ʻole. oncology, maʻi maʻi naʻau, nā maʻi maʻi, ke olakino noʻonoʻo, a me nā maʻi neurological.
ʻO nā molekala liʻiliʻi i lilo, ʻo ia, a e hoʻomau i ke kumu nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau lapaʻau i ka wā i hala, i kēia manawa, a me ka wā e hiki mai ana.
I nā makahiki he 15 a hiki i 20 i hala iho nei, ua ʻae ʻia ka nui o nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e ka FDA a ua loaʻa ka hopena koʻikoʻi i ka mālama maʻi, me Cymbalta no ka mālama ʻana i ke kaumaha a me ka hopohopo, Viagra no ka mālama ʻana i ka erectile dysfunction, Tagrisso no ka huli ʻana i ka NSCLC, a me Eliquis no ka fibrillation atrial a me ka anticoagulation.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā lāʻau lāʻau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi hou i ʻae ʻia e ka FDA ma luna o 50% i ka makahiki i hala, me 34 mau lāʻau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ʻae ʻia ma 2023 a ʻo 21 wale nō ma 2022. ka nui o ka FDA i ʻae i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou i ka makahiki 2023, e hōʻike ana he mea koʻikoʻi nā molekole liʻiliʻi no ka holomua o ka mālama olakino.
Ma ka papa inoa 100 kiʻekiʻe o ke kūʻai ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma 2021, aia he 45 mau lāʻau mole liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, e helu ana no 36% o ka loaʻa kālā kūʻai; Aia he 11 mau lāʻau anti-tumor mole liʻiliʻi i komo i ka papa inoa TOP100, me ka loaʻa kālā kūʻai o 51.901 biliona kālā US. ʻO ka loaʻa kālā kiʻekiʻe loa he 12.891 biliona kālā ʻAmelika no ka lenalidomide; I ka makahiki 2022, ʻo ka huina kūʻai o nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma ka Top 10 wale nō i hōʻea i 96,6 biliona kālā ʻAmelika, me Paxlovid kūʻai aku a hiki i 18,9 biliona ʻAmelika kālā ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, e hōʻike piha ana i ka mākeke o nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
