Mankhwala ang'onoang'ono a molekyulu akhala ali mzati wamakampani opanga mankhwala!

Kwa zaka pafupifupi zana, mankhwala ang'onoang'ono a molekyulu akhala msana wa makampani opanga mankhwala.

Iwo ali ndi ubwino waukulu pakupanga, kuyendetsa ndi kusunga, kutsata odwala, kupezeka kwa chandamale, immunogenicity, ndikupitiriza kutenga gawo lofunikira pa chithandizo cha odwala.

Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kwazaka khumi zapitazi kwathandiza makampani opanga mankhwala kupeza ndikupanga njira zatsopano zochiritsira zazing'ono zamamolekyu zochizira zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, ndipo m'tsogolomu, mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono apitiliza kukhala chinsinsi chamankhwala azachipatala, kusewera mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono. ntchito yofunika kwambiri pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana.

Kodi mankhwala ang'onoang'ono a molekyulu ndi chiyani?

Mankhwala ang'onoang'ono a molekyulu amatanthauzidwa ngati chinthu chilichonse chochepa cha maselo olemera omwe amapezeka, opangidwa, ndipo amapangidwa kuti alowerere muzochitika zina za thupi mkati mwa chamoyo. Mankhwala ang'onoang'ono a molekyulu amaphatikizapo maantibayotiki (monga penicillin), analgesics (monga paracetamol), ndi mahomoni opangidwa (monga corticosteroids).

Mankhwala ang'onoang'ono a mamolekyu ndi mitundu yovomerezeka kwambiri yamankhwala mpaka pano, yomwe imatha kulowa mwachangu m'maselo a cell ndikulumikizana ndendende ndi zomwe mukufuna m'maselo.

Mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono amatha kuyambitsa machitidwe achire m'thupi la munthu m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu itatu yodziwika kwambiri ndi:

Ma enzyme inhibitors: Tinthu tating’onoting’ono timaloŵerera m’kupita kwa matenda mwa kutsekereza ntchito ya ma enzyme;

• Receptor agonists / antagonists: Mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono amalumikizana ndi mapuloteni omwe amapezeka pa selo kuti atsegule kapena kutsekereza zolandilira;

Ma ion channel modulators: Mankhwala ang'onoang'ono a molekyulu amatha kuwongolera kutsegulidwa ndi kutseka kwa njira za ion kuwongolera kulowa ndi kutuluka kwa ma ion ndikuchiza matenda monga khunyu.

Njira zogwirira ntchito zonsezi zimaphatikizapo gawo linalake la puloteni, lomwe ndi thumba lomangira kapena malo ogwira ntchito a mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono. Kukula kwa mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri kumachokera ku chiphunzitso chachikale chotseka chifungulo, chomwe chimasintha mapangidwe a mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono potengera malo, hydrophobicity, ndi magetsi a thumba lomangiriza, kuti amange bwino chandamale ndikukhudza ntchito yake.

Ubwino wa mankhwala ang'onoang'ono a molekyulu

Ndi kukwera kwa mitundu yamankhwala yomwe ikubwera monga ma antibodies, gene therapy, ndi ma cell therapy, mankhwala ang'onoang'ono a molekyulu amawonedwa kuti ndi achikale, koma kwenikweni, mankhwala ang'onoang'ono a molekyulu akadali osasinthika.

Poyerekeza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono akadali ndi ubwino waukulu pakupanga, kuyendetsa, kutsata odwala, zomwe zilipo, immunogenicity, ndi zina.

Mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, okhala ndi mamolekyu olemera nthawi zambiri osapitilira 500 Daltons, ndipo amatha kusinthidwa kuti akwaniritse zosowa zapadera zachipatala;

Nthawi zambiri imakhala yokhazikika ndipo nthawi zambiri imafuna malo apadera osungiramo zinthu monga kuikidwa pansi pa kutentha kochepa; Makhalidwe m'thupi nthawi zambiri amakhala odziwikiratu komanso osavuta kuwongolera.

Kuphatikiza apo, mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono amatha kuzungulira ndikuyenda mkati mwa chamoyo, kusuntha kuchokera m'matumbo kudzera m'magazi kupita kumalo ochitirapo kanthu, kulowa mu cell membrane kuti akwaniritse zolinga za intracellular, ndikukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito ambiri, kuwapangitsa kukhala ofunikira m'magawo osiyanasiyana azachipatala monga. oncology, thanzi la mtima, matenda opatsirana, thanzi labwino, ndi matenda a minyewa.

Mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono akhala, ali, ndipo adzapitirizabe kukhala maziko a mankhwala ochiritsira akale, apano, ndi amtsogolo.

M'zaka zapitazi za 15 mpaka zaka 20, mankhwala ambiri ang'onoang'ono a mamolekyu avomerezedwa ndi FDA ndipo akhudza kwambiri chisamaliro cha odwala, kuphatikizapo Cymbalta pochiza kuvutika maganizo ndi nkhawa, Viagra yochiza erectile dysfunction, Tagrisso pofuna kutsata NSCLC, ndi Eliquis for atria fibrillation ndi anticoagulation.

M'malo mwake, kuchuluka kwamankhwala ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono ovomerezeka ndi FDA kudakwera ndi 50% chaka chatha, ndi mankhwala ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono 34 omwe adavomerezedwa mu 2023 ndipo 21 okha mu 2022. FDA yonse idavomereza mankhwala atsopano mu 2023, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono akadali ofunikira pakupititsa patsogolo chithandizo chamankhwala.

Pamndandanda wapamwamba kwambiri wa 100 wazogulitsa mankhwala mu 2021, panali mankhwala ang'onoang'ono 45 a mamolekyu, omwe amawerengera 36% yazogulitsa zonse; Pali mankhwala ang'onoang'ono a 11 a anti-chotupa omwe alowa mu mndandanda wa TOP100, ndi ndalama zonse zogulitsa za 51.901 biliyoni za US. Ndalama zogulitsa kwambiri ndi 12.891 biliyoni za US madola a lenalidomide; Mu 2022, kugulitsa konse kwamankhwala ang'onoang'ono amolekyu mu Top 10 kokha kudafika madola 96.6 biliyoni aku US, pomwe Paxlovid adagulitsa mpaka $ 18.9 biliyoni padziko lonse lapansi, kuwonetsa kuthekera kwa msika wamankhwala ang'onoang'ono a molekyulu.