Daawooyinka molecule-yada yaryar ayaa had iyo jeer ahaa tiirka warshadaha dawooyinka!
Ku dhawaad qarni, daawooyinka molecule-yada yaryar ayaa laf-dhabar u ahaa warshadaha dawooyinka.
Waxay leeyihiin faa'iidooyin la taaban karo xagga wax soo saarka, gaadiidka iyo kaydinta, u hoggaansanaanta bukaanka, tirada la beegsanayo ee la heli karo, difaaca jirka, waxayna sii wadaan inay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan daaweynta bukaanka.
Horumarka tignoolajiyada ee tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay ayaa u sahlay shirkadaha dawooyinka in ay ogaadaan oo ay horumariyaan daawaynta molecule yar yar oo aad iyo aad u cusub oo lagu daweynayo calaamado kala duwan, mustaqbalkana, molecules-yada yaryar waxa ay sii ahaan doonaan kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee dawooyinka daawaynta kiliinikada ah, ciyaar a doorka muhiimka ah ee daaweynta cudurro kala duwan.
Waa maxay daawada molecule yar?
Daawooyinka molecule-yada yaryar waxaa lagu qeexaa inay yihiin unug kasta oo miisaankoodu hooseeyo kaas oo la helay, nashqadeeyay, oo loo sameeyay inay soo farageliyaan hababka jireed ee gaarka ah ee noolaha. Daawooyinka molecule yar yar ee caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah antibiyootiko (sida penicillin), xanuunka xanuunka (sida paracetamol), iyo hormoonnada synthetic (sida corticosteroids).
Daawooyinka molecule-yada yaryar ayaa ah kuwa ugu badan ee la oggolaaday ee dawooyinka ilaa hadda, kuwaas oo awood u leh inay si dhakhso ah u galaan xuubka unugyada oo ay si sax ah ula falgalaan bartilmaameedyada gaarka ah ee unugyada.
Unugyada yaryar ayaa siyaabo kala duwan u keeni kara falcelin daweyn ah oo jidhka bini'aadamka ah. Saddexda nooc ee ugu caansan waa:
Inhibitors Enzyme: Unugyada yaryar waxay soo dhexgalaan horumarka cudurka iyagoo xannibaya dhaqdhaqaaqa enzyme;
• Ka-hortagayaasha Qaboojiyaha/antagonistayaasha: Unugyada yaryar waxay la falgalaan borotiinnada ku jira dusha unugga si ay u dhaqaajiyaan ama u xannibaan soo-qabayaasha;
Ion channel modulators: Daawooyinka molecule-yada yaryar waxay nidaamin karaan furitaanka iyo xidhitaanka kanaalka ion si ay u habeeyaan gelitaanka iyo bixista ion-yada iyo daawaynta cudurada sida suuxdinta.
Hababkan ficilka ah dhamaantood waxay ku lug leeyihiin gobol gaar ah oo borotiinka ah, kaas oo ah jeebka isku xidha ama goobta firfircoon ee molecules yaryar. Horumarinta molecules yaryar waxay badanaa ku saleysan tahay aragtida moodeelka qufulka qadiimiga ah, kaas oo ku habboon naqshadeynta molecules yar yar oo ku salaysan booska, hydrophobicity, iyo sifooyinka korantada ee jeebka xiritaanka, si ay si wax ku ool ah u xirto bartilmaameedka oo saameyn ku yeelato shaqadeeda.
Faa'iidooyinka daawooyinka molecule yar yar
Iyada oo ay kor u kacday moodooyinka dawooyinka ee soo ifbaxaya sida unugyada difaaca jirka, daawaynta hidda-wadaha, iyo daawaynta unugyada, dawooyinka molecule-yada yar-yar ayaa mar loo tixgaliyay inay duugoobeen, laakiin dhab ahaantii, dawooyinka molecule-yada yar-yar ayaa wali leh beddelkooda.
Marka la barbardhigo maaddooyinka noolaha, molecules-yada yaryar ayaa weli faa'iidooyin la taaban karo ku leh wax soo saarka, gaadiidka, u hoggaansanaanta bukaanka, tirada la beegsanayo ee la heli karo, difaaca jirka, iyo dhinacyo kale.
Unugyada yaryar waxay leeyihiin qaab-dhismeedyo fudud, oo miisaankoodu guud ahaan aan ka badnayn 500 Dalton, waxaana loo habeyn karaa si loo daboolo baahiyo daweyn oo gaar ah;
Caadiyan aad bay u deggan tahay oo marar dhif ah ayay u baahan tahay xaalado kaydin gaar ah sida in lagu meeleeyo xaalado heerkul hooseeya; Hab-dhaqanka jidhku inta badan waa mid la saadaalin karo oo ay fududahay in la maamulo.
Intaa waxaa dheer, unugyada yaryar waxay si fudud u wareegi karaan oo u dhaqaaqi karaan gudaha noolaha, ka wareejinta mindhicirka iyada oo loo marayo qulqulka dhiigga ee goobta ficilka, waxay galaan xuubka unugyada si ay u gaaraan bartilmaameedyada unugyada gudaha, waxayna leeyihiin hawlo badan oo qani ah, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid aan looga maarmin qaybaha kala duwan ee caafimaadka sida. Kansarka, caafimaadka wadnaha, cudurrada faafa, caafimaadka maskaxda, iyo cudurrada neerfaha.
Unugyada yaryar waxay ahaayeen, yihiin, wayna sii ahaan doonaan kuwa ugu muhiimsan dawooyinka daawaynta ee la soo dhaafay, hadda, iyo mustaqbalka
15 ilaa 20 sano ee la soo dhaafay, tiro badan oo ah dawooyinka molecule yar yar ayaa la ansixiyay FDA waxayna saameyn weyn ku yeesheen daryeelka bukaanka, oo ay ku jiraan Cymbalta daaweynta niyad-jabka iyo walaaca, Viagra ee daaweynta cillad la'aanta kacsiga, Tagrisso ee bartilmaameedka NSCLC, iyo Eliquis loogu talagalay fibrillada atrial iyo xinjirowga lidka ku ah.
Dhab ahaantii, tirada dawooyinka molecule-yada yaryar ee cusub ee ay ansixisay FDA waxay kordheen in ka badan 50% sannadkii hore, iyada oo 34 dawooyin yaryar oo yaryar oo cusub la ansixiyay 2023 iyo 21 kaliya ee 2022. Intaa waxaa dheer, daawooyinka yaryar ee yaryar ayaa sidoo kale xisaabiyay 62% wadarta guud ee FDA waxay ansixisay dawooyin cusub 2023, taas oo muujinaysa in unugyada yaryar ay wali muhiim u yihiin horumarinta daryeelka caafimaadka.
Liiska 100ka ugu sarreeya ee iibka dawada sanadka 2021, waxaa jiray wadar ahaan 45 dawooyinka molecule yar yar, oo ka dhigan 36% wadarta dakhliga iibka; Waxaa jira 11 molecule yar yar oo ka hortagga burooyinka kuwaas oo galay liiska TOP100, oo leh wadarta dakhliga iibka ah 51.901 bilyan doolarka Maraykanka. Dakhliga ugu sarreeya ee iibku waa 12.891 bilyan doolarka Maraykanka ah ee lenalidomide; Sannadkii 2022, wadarta iibka dawooyinka molecule-yada yaryar ee 10ka sare oo keliya ayaa gaadhay 96.6 bilyan oo doolarka Maraykanka ah, iyadoo Paxlovid uu ku iibinayo ilaa 18.9 bilyan oo doolarka Maraykanka ah caalamka, taasoo si buuxda u muujinaysa awoodda suuqa ee dawooyinka molecule yar.
