Cov tshuaj molecule me ib txwm yog tus ncej ntawm kev lag luam kws tshuaj!
Tau ze li ib puas xyoo, cov tshuaj molecule me tau ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam kws tshuaj.
Lawv muaj cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom, kev thauj mus los thiab kev khaws cia, kev ua raws li tus neeg mob, muaj ntau lub hom phiaj, immunogenicity, thiab txuas ntxiv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kho tus neeg mob.
Kev nce qib thev naus laus zis ntawm kaum xyoo dhau los tau ua rau cov tuam txhab tshuaj tshawb pom thiab txhim kho ntau thiab ntau lub tswv yim kho mob me me rau kev kho ntau yam sib txawv, thiab yav tom ntej, cov tshuaj me me yuav txuas ntxiv mus ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj kho mob, ua si ib Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kho mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob.
Cov tshuaj me me molecule yog dab tsi?
Cov tshuaj molecule me yog txhais tau tias yog ib qho qis molecular hnyav organic compound uas tau tshawb pom, tsim, thiab tsim los cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem physiological hauv lub cev. Cov tshuaj me me uas muaj xws li tshuaj tua kab mob (xws li penicillin), tshuaj tua kab mob (xws li paracetamol), thiab cov tshuaj hormones hluavtaws (xws li corticosteroids).
Cov tshuaj molecule me yog cov tshuaj pom zoo tshaj plaws rau hnub tim, nrog lub peev xwm nkag mus rau hauv cov cell sai sai thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov hom phiaj tshwj xeeb hauv cov hlwb.
Cov molecules me tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev kho mob hauv tib neeg lub cev hauv ntau txoj hauv kev. Peb hom feem ntau yog:
Enzyme inhibitors: Cov me me molecules cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob kev loj hlob los ntawm kev thaiv cov enzyme kev ua haujlwm;
• Receptor agonists/antagonists: Cov molecules me me cuam tshuam nrog cov proteins uas muaj nyob rau ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes kom qhib lossis thaiv cov receptors;
Ion channel modulators: Cov tshuaj me me tuaj yeem tswj kev qhib thiab kaw ntawm ion channel los tswj kev nkag thiab tawm ntawm ions thiab kho cov kab mob xws li qaug dab peg.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua txhua yam koom nrog ib cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov protein, uas yog lub hnab ntim khi lossis qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm cov molecules me. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov me me molecules feem ntau yog raws li classical lock key qauv txoj kev xav, uas hloov cov qauv ntawm cov molecules me me raws li qhov chaw, hydrophobicity, thiab cov khoom hluav taws xob ntawm lub hnab ntawv khi, thiaj li ua tau zoo khi lub hom phiaj thiab cuam tshuam rau nws txoj haujlwm.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj me me molecule
Nrog kev nce ntawm cov qauv tshuaj tshiab xws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj kho noob, thiab kev kho ntawm tes, cov tshuaj me me tau raug suav tias yog ib zaug dhau los, tab sis qhov tseeb, cov tshuaj me me tseem muaj lawv qhov kev hloov pauv tsis tau.
Piv nrog rau cov tshuaj lom neeg, cov molecules me me tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tsim khoom, kev thauj mus los, kev ua raws li tus neeg mob, muaj ntau hom phiaj, immunogenicity, thiab lwm yam.
Cov molecules me me muaj cov qauv yooj yim, nrog qhov hnyav molecular feem ntau tsis tshaj 500 Daltons, thiab tuaj yeem hloov kho kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb;
Nws feem ntau ruaj khov thiab tsis tshua xav tau tshwj xeeb cia tej yam kev mob xws li muab tso rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias; Kev coj cwj pwm hauv lub cev feem ntau tuaj yeem kwv yees tau thiab yooj yim rau kev tswj hwm.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov molecules me me tuaj yeem yooj yim ncig thiab txav mus rau hauv lub cev, hloov mus los ntawm txoj hnyuv los ntawm cov ntshav ntws mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm, nkag mus rau hauv cov cell membrane kom ncav cuag lub hom phiaj ntawm lub cev, thiab muaj ntau yam kev ua haujlwm, ua rau lawv tsis muaj peev xwm nyob hauv ntau yam kev kho mob xws li oncology, kab mob plawv, kab mob sib kis, mob hlwb, thiab kab mob neurological.
Cov molecules me me tau, yog, thiab tseem yuav yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj kho mob yav dhau los, tam sim no, thiab yav tom ntej.
Hauv 15 txog 20 xyoo dhau los, ntau cov tshuaj molecule me me tau pom zoo los ntawm FDA thiab tau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev saib xyuas neeg mob, suav nrog Cymbalta rau kev kho kev nyuaj siab thiab kev ntxhov siab, Viagra rau kev kho mob erectile kawg, Tagrisso rau lub hom phiaj NSCLC, thiab Eliquis rau atrial fibrillation thiab anticoagulation.
Qhov tseeb, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tshuaj me me tshiab tau pom zoo los ntawm FDA tau nce ntau dua 50% xyoo tas los, nrog 34 lub tswv yim tshiab cov tshuaj molecule tau pom zoo hauv xyoo 2023 thiab tsuas yog 21 nyob rau xyoo 2022. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj molecule me kuj suav txog 62% ntawm cov tshuaj. tag nrho FDA pom zoo cov tshuaj tshiab hauv xyoo 2023, qhia tias cov khoom me me tseem ceeb heev rau kev nce qib ntawm kev kho mob.
Nyob rau saum 100 daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj muag hauv 2021, muaj tag nrho ntawm 45 cov tshuaj molecule me me, suav txog 36% ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj tau los muag; Muaj 11 cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qog me me uas tau nkag mus rau TOP100 daim ntawv teev npe, nrog rau tag nrho cov nyiaj tau los muag ntawm 51.901 billion US dollars. Cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev muag khoom siab tshaj plaws yog 12.891 billion US las rau lenalidomide; Nyob rau hauv 2022, tag nrho cov muag khoom ntawm cov tshuaj molecule me me nyob rau hauv Top 10 ib leeg mus txog 96.6 billion US dollars, nrog Paxlovid muag mus txog 18.9 billion US las thoob ntiaj teb, tag nrho qhia lub lag luam muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj molecule me me.
